Sources for soil-to-invertebrate concentration regressions and bioaccumulation factors
Regression models and bioaccumulation factors were obtained from a variety of sources. Preference was given to regression models from EPA’s draft soil screening level guidance (EPA 2000) and Sample et al. (1999). Median values from Sample et al. (1998) were included for several analytes. Values for non-ionic organic compounds not included in the list below are calculated based on Kow using the relationship developed for EPA’s soil screening levels (EPA 2000):
where BAFworm = soil to earthworm bioaccumulation factor (mg/kg dry worm per mg/kg dry soil)
foc = fraction organic carbon in soil. Default is set to 1%.
Kow = octanol-water partitioning coefficient.
|
Analyte
|
BAF type
|
Source
|
|
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
4,4-DDD
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
4,4-DDE
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
4,4-DDT
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Acenaphthene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Anthracene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Arsenic
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Regression from Sample et al. 1999
|
|
Barium
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Median value from Sample et al. 1998:earthworms
|
|
Benz[a]anthracene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Benzo(ghi)perylene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Benzo[a]pyrene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Beryllium
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Median value from Sample et al. 1998:earthworms
|
|
Cadmium
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Regression from Sample et al. 1999
|
|
Chromium III
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Median value from Sample et al. 1999
|
|
Chrysene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Cobalt
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Median value from Sample et al. 1998:earthworms
|
|
Copper
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Median value from Sample et al. 1999
|
|
Dibenz[ah]anthracene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Dieldrin
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Lead
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Regression from Sample et al. 1999
|
|
Manganese
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Regression from Sample et al. 1999
|
|
Naphthalene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Nickel
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Median value from Sample et al. 1999
|
|
PAHs, Total
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Pentachlorophenol
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Phenanthrene
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
RDX (Cyclonite)
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Estimated from Kow: EPA (2000) ECO-SSL draft guidance.
|
|
Selenium
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Regression from Sample et al. 1999
|
|
Silver
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Median value from Sample et al. 1998:earthworms
|
|
Zinc
|
soil-to-earthworm
|
Regression from Sample et al. 1999
|
References:
EPA. 2000. Ecological Soil Screening Level Guidance. DRAFT. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 10 July 2000. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/risk/ecorisk/guidance.pdf
Sample, B.E., J.J. Beauchamp, R.A. Efroymson, G.W. Suter,II, and T.L. Ashwood. 1998. Development and Validation of Bioaccumulation Models for Earthworms. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN. 93 pp, ES/ER/TM-220
Sample, B.E., J.J. Beauchamp, R.A. Efroymson, G.W. Suter,II. 1999. Literature-derived bioaccumulation models for earthworms: development and validation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18:2110-2120.