Sources for soil-to-mammal and diet-to-mammal bioaccumulation factors
Bioaccumulation factors were obtained from a variety of sources. Preference was given to soil-to-tissue regression models from EPA’s draft soil screening level guidance (EPA 2000) and Sample et al. (1998) followed by point estimates of soil-to-tissue biotransfer. Where soil-to-tissue values were lacking, diet-to-tissue values from IAEA (1994), NCRP (1989), and Baes et al. (1984) were included.
|
Analyte
|
BAF type
|
Source
|
|
4,4-DDD
|
diet-to-mammal
|
Assumed same as value for DDT from EPA (2000) ECO-SSL DRAFT guidance
|
|
4,4-DDE
|
diet-to-mammal
|
Median from EPA (2000) ECO-SSL DRAFT guidance
|
|
4,4-DDT
|
diet-to-mammal
|
Median from EPA (2000) ECO-SSL DRAFT guidance
|
|
Antimony
|
diet-to-mammal
|
Baes et al. 1984
|
|
Arsenic
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Regression for mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Barium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
Baes et al. 1984
|
|
Beryllium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
Baes et al. 1984
|
|
Cadmium
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Regression for herbivorous mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Calcium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Chlorine
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Chromium III
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Regression for mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Cobalt
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Regression for mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Copper
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Regression for mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Dieldrin
|
diet-to-mammal
|
Median from EPA (2000) ECO-SSL DRAFT guidance
|
|
Iodine
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Iron
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Lead
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Regression for mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Magnesium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Manganese
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Median value for mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Mercury
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From NCRP (1989) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Molybdenum
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Nickel
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Regression for mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Niobium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Pentachlorophenol
|
diet-to-bird
|
Regression from Stedman et al. (1980) as reported in EPA (2000) ECO-SSL DRAFT guidance: tissue (dw) = 0.00452 x Cdiet + 0.198
|
|
Phosphorus (total)
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Potassium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Selenium
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Regression for mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Silver
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Median value for mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Sodium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Strontium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Technetium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Tin
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From NCRP (1989) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Uranium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
|
Zinc
|
soil-to-mammal
|
Regression for herbivorous mammals from Sample et al. 1998: small mammals
|
|
Zirconium
|
diet-to-mammal
|
From IAEA (1994) beef transfer factor.
|
References:
Baes, C.F., III, R.D. Sharp, A.L. Sjoreen, and R.W. Shor. 1984. A Review and Analysis of Parameters for Assessing Transport of Environmentally Released Radionuclides through Agriculture, ORNL-5786, Health and Safety Research Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. 150pp.
EPA. 2000. Ecological Soil Screening Level Guidance. DRAFT. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 10 July 2000. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/risk/ecorisk/guidance.pdf
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency). 1994. Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Temperate Environments. Technical Report Series No. 364.
NCRP. 1989. Screening techniques for determining compliance with environmental standards. Releases of radionuclides to the atmosphere. NCRP Commentary No. 3. Jan. 1989. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
Sample, B.E., J.J. Beauchamp, R.A. Efroymson, G W. Suter II, and T.L. Ashwood. 1998. Development and Validation of Bioaccumulation Models for Small Mammals, ES/ER/TM-219, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.